| Incheon 인천 仁川 Inchon |
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|---|---|---|---|
| — Metropolitan City — | |||
| Korean name transcription(s) | |||
| • Hangul | 인천광역시 | ||
| • Hanja | 仁川廣域市 | ||
| • Revised Romanization | Incheon Gwang-yeoksi | ||
| • McCune-Reischauer | Inch'ŏn Kwang'yŏkshi | ||
| Korean name short form transcription(s) | |||
| • Hangul | 인천 | ||
| • Revised Romanization | Incheon | ||
| • McCune-Reischauer | Inch'ŏn | ||
|
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| Map of South Korea with Incheon highlighted | |||
| Coordinates: | |||
| Country | South Korea | ||
| Region | Sudogwon | ||
| Founded | 1883 as Chemulpo | ||
| Subdivisions |
List
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| Government | |||
| • Type | Metropolitan City | ||
| • Mayor | Song Young-gil | ||
| • Council Chairman | Kim Gi-sin | ||
| Area | |||
| • Total | 1,029.16 km2 (397.4 sq mi) | ||
| Population (2010)[1] | |||
| • Total | 2,775,645 | ||
| • Density | 2,697/km2 (6,985.2/sq mi) | ||
| Time zone | Korea Standard Time (UTC+9) | ||
| Dialect | Seoul | ||
| Flower | Rose | ||
| Tree | Tulip tree | ||
| Bird | Crane | ||
| Website | incheon.go.kr (English) | ||
The Incheon Metropolitan City is located in northwestern South Korea. The city was home to just 4,700 people when Jemulpo port was built in 1883. Today 2.76 million people live in the city, making it Korea’s third most populous city after Seoul and Busan Metropolitan City. While people have inhabited the area from the New Stone Age, the city’s growth was assured in modern times with the development of its port due to its natural advantages as a coastal city.
Incheon has since led the economic development of Korea by opening its port to the outside world, issuing in the modernization of Korea as a center of industrialization. In 2003, the city was designated as Korea’s first free economic zone. Since then, large local companies and global enterprises have increasingly invested in Incheon Free Economic Zone, including Samsung which chose Songdo International City as its new investment destination for its bio industry.
As an international city, Incheon has held numerous large scale international conferences, such as the Incheon Global Fair & Festival in 2009. The 17th Asian Games Incheon 2014 will also be held in Incheon from September 19, 2014. Incheon has established itself as a true hub of Northeast Asia with the world renowned Incheon International Airport and Incheon Port.
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The first historical record of the Incheon area dates back to 475 CE. during the reign of King Jangsu of Goguryeo by the name of "Michuhol". The area underwent several name changes with successive kingdoms and dynasties. The current name was established in 1413. However, the name Jemulpo was not widely used until the opening of the port in 1883.[2][3]
On September 15, 1950, during the Korean War, Incheon was the site of the Battle of Incheon, when United States troops landed to relieve pressure on the Pusan Perimeter and to launch a United Nations offensive northward. The result was a decisive UN victory.[4] The USS Inchon (MCS-12) was named after the tide-turning battle that ensued.
Incheon was originally part of Gyeonggi Province, but was granted Directly Governed (now Metropolitan) City status on July 1, 1981.
Incheon was known as Inchon prior to South Korea's adoption of a new Romanization system in 2000.
Incheon was the site of the Battle of Inchon during the Korean War.
Incheon hosted a series of major international events. The Global Fair & Festival 2009 Incheon, Korea was held in the Songdo District in August 2009. It was open from August 7 to October 25 for a period of 80 days. It was a comprehensive international event with global institutions and corporations as participants.Various musicians and artists performed during the event.
The city hosted a meeting of the G20 Finance Ministers in February 2010.[5]
Incheon will also be the site of the third Global Model United Nations Conference, held from 10th to the 14th of August 2011.
Incheon has also won the bid to host the Asian Games in 2014.
On February 27, 2007, Incheon declared itself an "English City," and inaugurated the "Incheon Free English Zone" program. The goal of the program is to make Incheon as much an English speaking city as Hong Kong and Singapore are. This is for the ultimate purpose of establishing Incheon as a commercial and business hub of northeast Asia (see Free Economic Zone below). The official slogan of the program is "Smile with English."
Incheon is home to several colleges and universities:
Incheon lies in the border region between a humid subtropical and humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification Cwa/Dwa). Incheon's climate is about average compared to the rest of Korea, with 8 locations being cooler and 10 locations being warmer, and with 9 locations being wetter and 9 locations being drier.[6]
Incheon experiences each of its four seasons, distinctly feeling the rise and fall of temperature and humidity. The temperature however, never rises to an extreme, and the climate of the city is essentially mild. Incheon is swept by the seasonal winds as the northwesterly winds strike the city in the winter and the summer in Incheon is affected by gusts of the warm southwesterly winds.[7]
| Climate data for Incheon (1981−2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | 1.7 (35.1) |
4.4 (39.9) |
9.6 (49.3) |
16.1 (61.0) |
21.3 (70.3) |
25.4 (77.7) |
27.6 (81.7) |
29.0 (84.2) |
25.5 (77.9) |
19.7 (67.5) |
11.8 (53.2) |
4.7 (40.5) |
16.4 (61.5) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −2.1 (28.2) |
0.3 (32.5) |
5.1 (41.2) |
11.3 (52.3) |
16.4 (61.5) |
20.9 (69.6) |
24.0 (75.2) |
25.2 (77.4) |
21.1 (70.0) |
15.0 (59.0) |
7.6 (45.7) |
0.9 (33.6) |
12.1 (53.8) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −5.4 (22.3) |
−3.1 (26.4) |
1.7 (35.1) |
7.6 (45.7) |
12.8 (55.0) |
17.6 (63.7) |
21.5 (70.7) |
22.4 (72.3) |
17.5 (63.5) |
11.0 (51.8) |
3.9 (39.0) |
−2.6 (27.3) |
8.7 (47.7) |
| Precipitation mm (inches) | 20.6 (0.811) |
20.8 (0.819) |
40.5 (1.594) |
57.7 (2.272) |
100.3 (3.949) |
112.0 (4.409) |
319.6 (12.583) |
285.8 (11.252) |
153.5 (6.043) |
53.4 (2.102) |
51.0 (2.008) |
19.3 (0.76) |
1,234.4 (48.598) |
| % humidity | 61.5 | 61.8 | 63.4 | 64.1 | 70.3 | 74.8 | 82.2 | 79.1 | 73.1 | 67.3 | 63.9 | 62.0 | 68.6 |
| Avg. precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 6.6 | 5.3 | 6.7 | 7.3 | 8.7 | 9.7 | 14.9 | 12.5 | 8.2 | 6.2 | 8.5 | 7.3 | 101.9 |
| Sunshine hours | 178.0 | 181.5 | 204.9 | 219.4 | 231.4 | 203.4 | 156.8 | 191.0 | 197.6 | 211.2 | 168.6 | 171.0 | 2,314.9 |
| Source: Korea Meteorological Administration[8] | |||||||||||||
Incheon is a major domestic and international transportation hub for Korea.
Incheon International Airport, a regional air hub, is South Korea's primary international airport.
There were a total of 160,843 flights (157,134 international, 3,709 domestic) to and from Incheon International Airport in 2005, an average of 441 flights (431 international, 10 domestic) daily. 59.7% of the flights were serviced by Korea’s two national carriers, Korean Air and Asiana Airlines, with foreign carriers servicing the remaining 40.3%, which breaks down as follows: China 45,125 flights {28.1% of total}, Japan 32,352 {20.1%}, Southeast Asia 30,567 {19%}, Americas 27,916 {17.4%}, Europe 11,082 {6.9%}, Domestic 3,709 {2.3%}, Oceania 2,811 {1.7%}, others 7,281 {4.5%}.
Also featured in the Korean drama series, "Air City."
Incheon's sea port is the second largest port in Korea after Busan's sea port.
The International Passenger Terminal located at the port offers ferries to four cities in China: Dalian, Qingdao, Tianjin, and Weihai. There are also ferries to Incheon's outlying islands as well as Baengnyeong Island inside of the Northern Limit Line.
Incheon Bus Terminal, located at its eponymous subway stop, offers express bus transportation to all parts of Korea. Many city bus lines offer transportation within city limits as well as to the neighboring cities of Bucheon, Gimpo, Seoul, and Siheung.
Many BRT lines offer transportation between Seoul and Incheon.
Local service to Guro, Seoul, Cheongnyangni, Uijeongbu and Soyosan is offered by Seoul's subway Line 1. The line has 11 stations within Incheon and connects to the Incheon Subway at Bupyeong station.
Rapid service on the same line to Yongsan Station in Seoul depart from Dongincheon station and stops at major stations.
The Airport Express (AREX) line runs from Incheon International Airport to Seoul Station via Gimpo International Airport. The Incheon-Gimpo section was opened in March 2007 and was extended to Seoul station in December 2010. Passengers can choose a high-speed service stopping only at Incheon airport and Seoul, which takes 43 minutes but departs only every half-hour; or the all-station service which takes 53 minutes but leaves every six minutes.
The Incheon Subway has a single subway line serving the city. It connects to the Seoul Metropolitan Subway system at Bupyeong station, and AREX line at Gyeyang station. The line has 28 stations on 29.4 km of track. The Incheon subway is operated by the Incheon Rapid Transit Corporation (IRTC).
Planned extensions and additions: IRTC has a plan to construct a second line, Line 2. It will extend from Oryu, Seo-gu to Incheon Grand Park, and will have 27 stations on 29.2 km of track. Line 2 is under construction from June 26, 2009 to 2014.
Korail is constructing a new subway line from Incheon station to Suwon station by 2013. It will have 10 stations within Incheon.
SMRT (one of three operating companies of Seoul Metropolitan Subway) will also extend Seoul Metropolitan Subway Line 7 to Bupyeong-gu office by 2011 and provide transfers to the Incheon Subway system. It will have 3 stations within Incheon.
The Incheon Free Economic Zone consists of the three regions of Songdo, Cheongna, and the island of Yeongjong, and has a total area of 51,739 acres (20,938 ha). The goal of IFEZ is to transform these three areas into hubs for logistics, international business, leisure, and tourism for the Northeast Asian region. The term 'Free Economic Zone' applies to the development in these three areas with the aim of improving the business environment for foreign-invested enterprises and the living conditions for foreigners. The zone is a specially designated area to create the most favorable business and living environment where foreign nationals can live and invest freely and conveniently. Incheon's Free Economic Zone, the first in Korea, was officially designated by the Korean government in August 2003. IFEZ is planned to be a self-contained living and business district featuring air and sea transportation, a logistics complex, an international business center, financial services, residences, schools and hospitals, and shopping and entertainment centres.
Songdo International City began development in 1994 and is being built on reclaimed land. It is designated to become a center of diverse international businesses, a hub for international trade, an area for knowledge-based technologies, and a place for eco-friendly urban living. Construction is due to be completed in 2020.
Yeongjong International City’s 34,183 acres (13,833 ha) centering on the Incheon International Airport will be developed as an eco-friendly airport city by 2020. It will be a functional city with residential amenities for airport staff and visitors, as well as logistics, commercial and distribution facilities. Yeongjong will provide an optimal environment for logistic, tourism and leisure in conjunction with the Incheon International Airport.
The Cheongna district, on the mainland adjacent Yeongjong Island, will focus on entertainment and will feature a world class theme park. It will also be a residential area with sports facilities, a floriculture complex, and a business area specially designed for international finance.
Incheon is divided into 8 wards ("gu") and 2 counties ("gun").
The northwestern islands of Baengnyeong Island, Yeonpyeong Island, Daecheong Island, and the much smaller Socheong Island are part of Ongjin.
Incheon is home to the following professional and semi professional sports teams:
Football (Soccer)
K-League team Incheon United.
The Incheon team was known to have a popular rivalry against former Bucheon SK, (now Jeju United) due to the teams' close geographical relationship.
The National League team Incheon Korail.
Baseball
The successful KBO team SK Wyverns.
The first Incheon-based pro-baseball team was Sami(one of major steel companies in 1980s) Superstars.
Basketball
The KBL team Incheon ET Land Elephants.
Munhak Sports Complex
The Munahk Sports Complex houses both a football stadium and a baseball stadium. The football stadium was Incheon's venue for the 2002 Football World Cup, and is also the home venue for Incheon United. The baseball stadium is the home venue for the SK Wyverns.
On April 19, 2007, Incheon was selected as the host city for the 2014 Asian Games, beating out New Delhi.[9]
Bupyeong Station is where the Seoul Subway Line 1 and Incheon subway line intersect. There is a large under ground shopping center there mostly selling trendy women's clothing and cell phones. Above ground, there are many restaurants, additional shops, and a Lotte Mart.
A number of Korea's western islands, including Ganghwa Island, Yeongjong Island, and Baengnyeong Island are also administered by Incheon. Baengnyeong Island is South Korea's westernmost point.
Jayu (Freedom) Park- The statue of General, Douglas MacArthur, as well as a memorial to the centennial anniversary of U.S. and Korea relations is located within.
Chinatown is Korea's only official Chinatown, located across from Incheon Station near Jayu Park.
Arts Centre refers to a performance venue but also to a subway station and area. Within this district in Guwol-dong is Rodeo Street, a busy central square packed with restaurants and department stores.
Wolmido- Location of Green Beach, one of the landing sites for MacArthur's invasion force. It is now a local tourist attraction with a boardwalk, an amusement park and many raw fish restaurants. Ferries run from Wolmido to Yeongjongdo and Jakyakdo.
Jakyakdo- A tiny island located in the harbor close between Wolmido and Yeongjongdo. There are many walkways and picnic spots, a restaurant, and seasonal rental rooms.
Incheon Landing Operation Memorial Hall- A plaza and small museum dedicated to the Landing. Weapons and artifacts from the war and operation are displayed.
Incheon Dohobu Cheongsa- Located nearby Munhak Stadium, this is the old government complex for Incheon. It has existed since at least the reign of King Sejong, about 1424 A.D.
Incheon's government has many plans for restoring Incheon's old town.